Fruit tree pollination chart
Flowering group, self-fertility, partners and ripening for 170 varieties, each from a named extension guide or the RHS. To check your own trees on a plan, use the orchard layout planner.
Partners must flower at the same time and stand within about 100 feet (Minnesota Extension, Virginia Tech) or 18 m (RHS). Ripening months are for the area each guide covers; a colder garden picks later. Apple · Pear · Asian pear · Sweet cherry · Tart cherry · European plum · Japanese plum · Hybrid plum (cold-hardy) · Peach · Nectarine · Apricot · Crab apples
Apple
Needs a different variety that flowers at the same time: the same or an adjacent RHS group, or an overlapping US bloom period (early and late do not overlap). Flowering crab apples count. Rule: Minnesota, RHS.
| Variety | Flowering | Self-fertile | Notes | Ripens | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akane | early to mid | No (general rule) | September (Utah, Wasatch Front) | Utah State | |
| Arkansas Black | mid | No (general rule) | Oct. 25 (Blacksburg, Virginia) | Utah State, Virginia Tech | |
| Ashmead's Kernel | Group 4 | No (general rule) | Early October (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection | |
| Blenheim Orange | Group 3 | No (general rule) | Triploid: poor pollen, needs two partners | Late September (Kent, UK) | RHS (groups chart), National Fruit Collection, RHS (pollination) |
| Braeburn | early | No (general rule) | Mid-Late September (New Jersey) | Utah State, NSW DPI, Rutgers | |
| Bramley's Seedling | Group 3 | No (general rule) | Triploid: poor pollen, needs two partners | Early October (Kent, UK) | RHS (groups chart), National Fruit Collection, RHS (pollination) |
| Charles Ross | Group 3 | No (general rule) | Mid September (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection | |
| Cortland | mid | No (general rule) | Late Sept.-early Oct. (Minnesota) | Ontario, Utah State, South Dakota, Minnesota | |
| Cox's Orange Pippin | Group 3 | No (general rule) | Late September (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection | |
| Cripps Pink | No (general rule) | Early November (New Jersey) | Rutgers | ||
| Discovery | Group 3 | No (general rule) | Mid August (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection | |
| Edward VII | Group 6 | No (general rule) | Mid October (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection | |
| Egremont Russet | Group 2 | No (general rule) | Late September (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection | |
| Empire | early or mid (sources differ) | No (general rule) | Mid- to late September (Pennsylvania) | Ontario, Utah State, South Dakota, Penn State | |
| Enterprise | mid to late | No (general rule) | Mid-October (Pennsylvania) | Ohio State, Penn State | |
| Fiesta | Group 3 | No (general rule) | Late September (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection | |
| Freedom | mid | No (general rule) | Mid- to late September (Pennsylvania) | South Dakota, Penn State | |
| Frostbite | mid | No (general rule) | Late Sept.-mid Oct. (Minnesota) | South Dakota, Minnesota | |
| Fuji | mid to late | No (general rule) | Late October (Pennsylvania) | Utah State, Penn State | |
| Gala | Group 4; mid or early (sources differ) | No (general rule) | Late August to September (Pennsylvania) | RHS, Utah State, South Dakota, Mississippi State, Penn State | |
| Golden Delicious | Group 4; late or mid (sources differ) | Partly | Not with Mutsu, Jonagold | Late September to early October (Pennsylvania) | RHS, Ontario, Utah State, South Dakota, Penn State (pollination), Iowa State, UC ANR, Penn State (Table 4.2) |
| GoldRush | mid or late (sources differ) | No (general rule) | Late October (Pennsylvania) | Utah State, Ohio State, Penn State | |
| Granny Smith | Group 3; mid | No (general rule) | Early November (New Jersey) | RHS, Utah State, Mississippi State, Rutgers | |
| Gravenstein | Group 1 | No (general rule) | Triploid: poor pollen, needs two partners | Early September (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection, WSU, UC ANR |
| Greensleeves | Group 3 | No (general rule) | Mid September (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection | |
| Haralson | late | No (general rule) | Late Sept.-early Oct. (Minnesota) | South Dakota, Minnesota | |
| Honeycrisp | early or mid (sources differ) | No (general rule) | Mid-September (Pennsylvania) | Utah State, South Dakota, Penn State | |
| Honeygold | mid | No (general rule) | Early Oct. (Minnesota) | South Dakota, Minnesota | |
| Howgate Wonder | Group 4 | No (general rule) | Early October (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection | |
| Idared | Group 2; early | No (general rule) | Early to mid-October (Pennsylvania) | RHS, Ontario, Utah State, Penn State | |
| James Grieve | Group 3 | No (general rule) | Early September (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection | |
| Jonagold | Group 3; mid | No (general rule) | Triploid: poor pollen, needs two partners. Not with Golden Delicious | Early to mid-October (Pennsylvania) | RHS, Utah State, Virginia Tech, Ontario, Missouri, Penn State, WSU, Iowa State |
| Jonathan | Group 3; mid | No (general rule) | Mid September to Mid October (Utah, Wasatch Front) | RHS, Utah State, South Dakota | |
| Katy | Group 3 | No (general rule) | Early September (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection | |
| Liberty | mid | No (general rule) | Mid- to late September (Pennsylvania) | Ohio State, South Dakota, Penn State | |
| Lodi | early | No (general rule) | July 1 (Blacksburg, Virginia) | Utah State, Virginia Tech | |
| Lord Lambourne | Group 2 | No (general rule) | Mid September (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection | |
| Macoun | mid | No (general rule) | South Dakota | ||
| McIntosh | Group 2; early or early to mid or mid (sources differ) | Partly | Early September (Pennsylvania) | RHS, Ontario, Utah State, South Dakota, UC ANR, Penn State | |
| Mutsu | Group 3; mid or mid to late (sources differ) | No (general rule) | Triploid: poor pollen, needs two partners. Not with Golden Delicious | Mid-Late October (New Jersey) | RHS, Ontario, Utah State, Mississippi State, Virginia Tech, Missouri, WSU, Rutgers |
| Northern Spy | Group 5; late | No (general rule) | October (Utah, Wasatch Front) | RHS, Ontario, Utah State | |
| Pristine | early | No (general rule) | Late July to early August (Pennsylvania) | Ohio State, Penn State | |
| Red Delicious | Group 4; mid or late (sources differ) | No | Sept. 16 (Blacksburg, Virginia) | RHS, Ontario, Utah State, South Dakota, Penn State, Virginia Tech | |
| Ribston Pippin | Group 2 | No (general rule) | Triploid: poor pollen, needs two partners | Late September (Kent, UK) | RHS (groups chart), RHS (pollination), National Fruit Collection |
| Sansa | mid | No (general rule) | Late August (New Jersey) | Utah State, Rutgers | |
| SnowSweet | mid | No (general rule) | Mid Oct. (Minnesota) | Utah State, South Dakota, Minnesota | |
| Spartan | Group 3; mid | No (general rule) | Early October (Kent, UK) | RHS, Ontario, National Fruit Collection | |
| Stayman | mid | No (general rule) | Triploid: poor pollen, needs two partners | Late October (Utah, Wasatch Front) | Utah State, Virginia Tech |
| Sunset | Group 3 | No (general rule) | Late September (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection | |
| SweeTango | No (general rule) | Early September (Minnesota) | Minnesota | ||
| Wealthy | Group 3; early | No (general rule) | Early Sept. (Minnesota) | RHS, South Dakota, Minnesota | |
| Williams' Pride | mid | No (general rule) | Mid Aug. (Minnesota) | Ohio State, Minnesota | |
| Winesap | late | No (general rule) | Triploid: poor pollen, needs two partners | Oct. 20 (Blacksburg, Virginia) | Utah State, Virginia Tech, WSU |
| Worcester Pearmain | Group 3 | No (general rule) | Early September (Kent, UK) | RHS, National Fruit Collection | |
| Yellow Transparent | early | No (general rule) | Late July to Early August (Utah, Wasatch Front) | Utah State, South Dakota | |
| Zestar! | mid or early (sources differ) | No (general rule) | Early to mid-August (Pennsylvania) | Utah State, South Dakota, Penn State |
Pear
Most need a different variety in flower at the same time. Bartlett and Seckel do not pollinate each other. Georgia Extension puts some pears in bloom groups (letters): a shared letter means they flower together. Rule: Missouri, WSU.
| Variety | Flowering | Self-fertile | Notes | Ripens | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anjou | Partly | Listed partners: Bartlett, Bosc, Comice, Seckel | Sept 5–20 (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | WSU, Missouri, Oregon State | |
| Bartlett | Partly | Not with Seckel. Listed partners: Anjou, Bosc, Comice | Aug 15–30 (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | WSU, Utah State, UConn, Ontario, Oregon State | |
| Beth | Group 3 | No (general rule) | RHS | ||
| Beurré Hardy | Group 3 | No (general rule) | RHS | ||
| Bosc | No (general rule) | Listed partners: Anjou, Bartlett, Comice, Seckel | Sept 10–30 (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | WSU, Oregon State | |
| Comice | Group 4 | No (general rule) | Listed partners: Anjou, Bartlett, Bosc, Seckel | Sept 20–30 (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | RHS, WSU, Oregon State |
| Concorde | Group 4 | No (general rule) | RHS | ||
| Conference | Group 3 | Partly | RHS | ||
| Harrow Delight | No (general rule) | Listed partners: Bartlett, Bosc, Anjou | 2 weeks before Bartlett; average first harvest August 26 (Vineland, Ontario) | Ontario | |
| Kieffer | Georgia group A or B | Partly | Poor pollinizer for most pears | Georgia, Missouri, Ontario | |
| Magness | Georgia group C | No (general rule) | No viable pollen | Georgia, Am. Pomological Soc. | |
| Moonglow | Georgia group C | No (general rule) | Georgia | ||
| Orient | Georgia group B or C | Partly | Georgia | ||
| Seckel | No (general rule) | Not with Bartlett. Listed partners: Bosc, Comice, Bartlett | Aug 20–Sept 10 (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | UConn, Missouri, WSU, Oregon State |
Asian pear
Plant two Asian varieties, or a European pear that flowers with them. Rule: WSU, Oregon State.
| Variety | Flowering | Self-fertile | Notes | Ripens | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20th Century | No (general rule) | Listed partners: Chojuro, Shinseiki, Bartlett | September (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | WSU, Oregon State | |
| Chojuro | No (general rule) | Listed partners: Shinseiki, Bartlett | September (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | WSU, Oregon State | |
| Hosui | Partly | September (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | WSU, Oregon State | ||
| Kosui | No (general rule) | August (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | Oregon State | ||
| Shinseiki | No (general rule) | Listed partners: Chojuro | August (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | WSU, Oregon State |
Sweet cherry
Self-fertile varieties (universal donors) fruit alone and pollinate others in flower. The rest need a variety from a different incompatibility group (its S-allele pair is in brackets) that flowers in the same or the next bloom class. Rule: Oregon State (EC 819), Oregon State (EM 9484).
| Variety | Flowering | Self-fertile | Notes | Ripens | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attika | mid to late | No | Incompatibility group VI (S3S6) | 6–7 days after Bing (Pacific Northwest) | Oregon State (PNW 604), RHS (growing guide), RHS (Kordia page), Oregon State (EM 9484) |
| Benton | mid to late | Yes | Universal donor (S4'S9) | 2–3 days before Bing (Pacific Northwest) | Oregon State (PNW 604), Oregon State (EM 9484) |
| Bing | mid | No | Incompatibility group III (S3S4). Not with Lambert, Napoleon, Emperor Francis | June in the Sacramento Valley and Mid June in Visalia, CA (California) | Oregon State (PNW 604), Oregon State (EM 9484), UC Davis FPS, Oregon State (EC 819) |
| Black Tartarian | early to mid | No | Incompatibility group I (S1S2) | Oregon State (PNW 604), Oregon State (EM 9484), Utah State | |
| BlackGold | late | Yes | Universal donor (S4'S6) | Oregon State (PNW 604), Iowa State, Penn State, Oregon State (EM 9484) | |
| Chelan | mid | No | Incompatibility group XVI (S3S9) | 10–12 days before Bing (Pacific Northwest) | Oregon State (PNW 604), Oregon State (EM 9484) |
| Emperor Francis | No | Incompatibility group III (S3S4). Not with Bing, Lambert, Napoleon | Oregon State | ||
| Hedelfingen | late | No | Incompatibility group VII (S3S5) | 2 weeks after Bing (California) | Oregon State (PNW 604), Iowa State, UC Davis FPS, Oregon State (EM 9484) |
| Lambert | mid to late | No | Incompatibility group III (S3S4). Not with Bing, Napoleon, Emperor Francis | 1 week after Bing (California) | Oregon State (PNW 604), Oregon State (EM 9484), UC Davis FPS, Utah State |
| Lapins | mid | Yes | Universal donor (S1S4') | July (UK) | Oregon State (PNW 604), RHS, Oregon State (EC 819), Oregon State (EM 9484) |
| Napoleon | mid | No | Incompatibility group III (S3S4). Not with Bing, Lambert, Emperor Francis | with Bing (California) | Oregon State (PNW 604), Oregon State (EM 9484), UC Davis FPS |
| Rainier | mid | No | Incompatibility group IX (S1S4) | 3-7 days before Napoleon (Royal Ann) and Bing (California) | Oregon State (PNW 604), Oregon State (EM 9484), UC Davis FPS |
| Regina | late | No | Incompatibility group II (S1S3) | 14–15 days after Bing (Pacific Northwest) | Oregon State (PNW 604), Oregon State (EM 9484) |
| Skeena | mid to late | Yes | Universal donor (S1S4') | 12–14 days after Bing (Pacific Northwest) | Oregon State (PNW 604), Oregon State (EM 9484) |
| Sonata | mid to late | Yes | Universal donor (S3S4') | Oregon State (PNW 604), Utah State, Oregon State (EM 9484) | |
| Stella | Group 4; mid | Yes | Universal donor (S3S4') | Late July (UK) | RHS, Oregon State (PNW 604), Utah State, Oregon State (EM 9484) |
| Summer Sun | Group 4 | No | Late July (UK) | RHS | |
| Sunburst | mid to late | Yes | Universal donor (S3S4') | Oregon State | |
| Sweetheart | mid | Yes | Universal donor (S3S4') | 18–20 days after Bing (Pacific Northwest) | Oregon State (PNW 604), RHS, Oregon State (EM 9484) |
| Van | mid | No | Incompatibility group II (S1S3) | with Bing (California) | Oregon State (PNW 604), Iowa State, UC Davis FPS, Oregon State (EM 9484) |
| WhiteGold | mid to late | Yes | Universal donor (S4') | Oregon State (PNW 604), Iowa State, Oregon State (EM 9484) |
Tart cherry
Self-fertile: one tree is enough. Rule: Missouri, Penn State.
| Variety | Flowering | Self-fertile | Notes | Ripens | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balaton | Yes (general rule) | July (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | Penn State, Oregon State | ||
| Meteor | Yes | Mid-July (Minnesota) | Minnesota | ||
| Montmorency | Yes | July (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | Oregon State, UC Davis FPS | ||
| Morello | Yes | Late July to early August (UK) | RHS | ||
| North Star | Yes | July (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | Minnesota, Oregon State |
European plum
Many are self-fertile; the rest need another European plum. Rule: Penn State, Missouri.
| Variety | Flowering | Self-fertile | Notes | Ripens | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czar | Yes | Early August (UK) | RHS | ||
| Damson | Yes | Missouri, RHS | |||
| French Improved Prune | Yes | UC Davis FPS | |||
| Green Gage | Yes | UC Davis FPS | |||
| Italian | No (general rule) | Sept 10–30 (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | Oregon State | ||
| Marjorie's Seedling | Group 5 | Yes | Late September to October (UK) | RHS | |
| Mount Royal | Yes | September (Oregon area 3, cold) | Oregon State | ||
| Opal | Yes | Early August (UK) | RHS (growing guide), RHS (Opal page) | ||
| President | No | Sept 20–30 (Oregon area 2) | UC Davis FPS, Oregon State | ||
| Stanley | Yes | Sept 1–15 (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | NC State Extension, Missouri, Oregon State | ||
| Victoria | Yes | August-September (UK) | RHS |
Japanese plum
Need another Japanese or hybrid plum. European plum pollen does not work. Rule: Missouri, Georgia.
| Variety | Flowering | Self-fertile | Notes | Ripens | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU Rosa | No | June 22 (average peak) (Byron, Georgia) | Georgia | ||
| Burbank | No (general rule) | August (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | Missouri, Oregon State | ||
| Early Golden | No (general rule) | July (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | Oregon State | ||
| Elephant Heart | Partly | UC Davis FPS | |||
| Methley | Yes | June 3 (average peak) (Byron, Georgia) | Georgia | ||
| Ozark Premier | No | June 25 (average peak) (Byron, Georgia) | Georgia | ||
| Red Heart | No (general rule) | September (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | Missouri, Oregon State | ||
| Santa Rosa | Partly | UC Davis FPS | |||
| Satsuma | Partly | Late July through August, depending on location (California) | UC Davis FPS | ||
| Shiro | Partly | August (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | UC Davis FPS, Oregon State |
Hybrid plum (cold-hardy)
Need another hybrid plum; Toka is a common pollinizer. Rule: Iowa State, Minnesota.
| Variety | Flowering | Self-fertile | Notes | Ripens | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alderman | No (general rule) | Late August (Minnesota) | Iowa State, Minnesota | ||
| La Crescent | No (general rule) | Early August (Minnesota) | Iowa State, Minnesota | ||
| Pipestone | No (general rule) | Late August (Minnesota) | Iowa State, Minnesota | ||
| Superior | No (general rule) | September (Oregon area 3, cold) | Iowa State, Oregon State | ||
| Toka | No (general rule) | Iowa State | |||
| Underwood | No (general rule) | Late July (Minnesota) | Iowa State, Minnesota |
Peach
Self-fertile except J.H. Hale. Rule: Missouri, Penn State.
| Variety | Flowering | Self-fertile | Notes | Ripens | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babcock | Yes | UC Davis FPS | |||
| Contender | Yes | 16 to 20 days after Redhaven (Princeton, Kentucky) | Utah State, Kentucky | ||
| Cresthaven | Yes | 27 to 34 days after Redhaven (Princeton, Kentucky) | UC Davis FPS, Kentucky | ||
| Duke of York | Yes (general rule) | Mid to late July (UK) | RHS (growing guide), RHS (Duke of York page) | ||
| Elberta | Yes | Utah State, UC Davis FPS | |||
| Frost | Yes (general rule) | Mid-August (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | Penn State, Oregon State | ||
| Harrow Diamond | Yes (general rule) | 11 days before Redhaven (Princeton, Kentucky) | Ontario, Kentucky | ||
| J.H. Hale | No | Not with Elberta | Penn State, Utah State, Missouri | ||
| Loring | Yes | 13 to 15 days after Redhaven (Princeton, Kentucky) | UC Davis FPS, Kentucky | ||
| Madison | Yes (general rule) | 21 to 25 days after Redhaven (Princeton, Kentucky) | Penn State, Kentucky | ||
| Peregrine | Yes (general rule) | Mid August to early September (UK) | RHS (growing guide), RHS (Peregrine page) | ||
| Redhaven | Yes | about July 18 on average (Princeton, Kentucky) | Utah State, Kentucky | ||
| Redskin | Yes | 28 to 34 days after Redhaven (Princeton, Kentucky) | UC Davis FPS, Kentucky | ||
| Reliance | Yes (general rule) | 3 days before to 5 days after Redhaven (Princeton, Kentucky) | Penn State, Kentucky | ||
| Rochester | Yes (general rule) | Late August (western Oregon) Around the middle of August (UK) | RHS (growing guide), Oregon State, RHS (Rochester page) | ||
| Veteran | Yes | Late August (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | UC Davis FPS, Oregon State |
Nectarine
Self-fertile. Rule: Missouri, RHS.
| Variety | Flowering | Self-fertile | Notes | Ripens | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fantasia | Yes | 7 to 31 days after Redhaven (Princeton, Kentucky) | UC Davis FPS, Kentucky | ||
| Harko | Yes | Early August (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | UC Davis FPS, Oregon State | ||
| Lord Napier | Yes | Early August (UK) | RHS | ||
| Redgold | Yes (general rule) | 24 days after Redhaven (Princeton, Kentucky) | Penn State, Kentucky |
Apricot
Most are self-fertile; a few need another apricot. Rule: Penn State, RHS.
| Variety | Flowering | Self-fertile | Notes | Ripens | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blenheim | Yes | July (Oregon area 2) | Oregon State, UC Davis FPS | ||
| Chinese | late | Yes | July (Oregon area 2) | Utah State, Oregon State | |
| Flavorcot | Yes | Late July (UK) | RHS | ||
| Goldcot | Partly | first picking about July 30 (Vineland, Ontario) | Utah State, Ontario | ||
| Goldrich | late | No | first picking about August 1 (Vineland, Ontario) | Utah State (growing guide), Utah State (Box Elder County), Ontario | |
| Harcot | Yes | first picking about July 25 (Vineland, Ontario) | Utah State, Ontario | ||
| Harglow | late | Yes (general rule) | first picking about August 8 (Vineland, Ontario) | Utah State, Ontario | |
| Moongold | No | Late July (Minnesota) | Minnesota, Oregon State | ||
| Moorpark | Yes | Mid- to late August (UK) | RHS, Utah State | ||
| Perfection | No | Missouri | |||
| Puget Gold | Yes (general rule) | July (Oregon areas 1 and 2) | Penn State, Oregon State | ||
| Rival | early | No | Utah State, Missouri | ||
| Sungold | No | Early August (Minnesota) | Minnesota, Oregon State | ||
| Tilton | Yes | Utah State, UC Davis FPS | |||
| Tomcot | early | Yes | Mid to late July (UK) | Utah State, RHS |
Crab apples
Grown here as pollinizers for apples. Rule: Virginia Tech, Ontario.
| Variety | Flowering | Self-fertile | Notes | Ripens | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chestnut | early | No (general rule) | Early-mid Sept. (Minnesota) | Ontario, Minnesota | |
| Dolgo | early | No (general rule) | Late August (North Dakota) | Ontario, NDSU | |
| Evereste | early to mid | No (general rule) | WSU | ||
| Golden Hornet | late | No (general rule) | Ontario | ||
| Indian Summer | mid or late (sources differ) | No (general rule) | Blooms with Red Delicious | WSU | |
| Manchurian | early or early to mid (sources differ) | No (general rule) | Ontario, WSU | ||
| Snowdrift | mid or mid to late (sources differ) | No (general rule) | Ontario, WSU |